We all experience feelings of anxiety. It is a ‘normal’ response.

Everybody gets anxious at times and some anxiety actually helps us to function well in many situations for example before an exam, interview or first date.

However, anxiety can become a problem when we experience it too often, it goes on for a long time or it stops us from doing things that we want to do. Anxiety can become intense or worsen if we avoid situations. This is when anxiety becomes unhelpful or causes problems.

Support is available if you or someone you know are having a mental health crisis or emergency, no matter what you’re going through.

What causes anxiety?

Anxiety does not have one main cause. Factors such as past experiences, diet, drug/alcohol use, brain chemicals, and genetics can all increase the risk of someone developing anxiety. “Causes” can be:

  • Past experiences
  • Genetics and biology
  • Environment and situations

It is important to remember it is not your fault if you experience anxiety. People do not choose to feel anxious. You can work towards changing and improving your anxiety levels! 

  • Stomach ache / ‘butterflies’
  • Muscle tension and aches
  • Dry mouth
  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Sleeping difficulties

Increased heart rate
It’s a good idea to make a note of your own symptoms to help recognise when you are feeling anxious.

  • Feeling numb
  • Fearing or thinking the worst will happen
  • Over-thinking a situation
  • Poor concentration
  • Negative thinking
  • Feeling ‘full’ of thoughts
  • Nightmares


You can change how you think by questioning unhelpful thoughts. This can help reduce anxiety.

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps you understand the links between your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. It can help you to find ways to overcome your anxiety by challenging negative thoughts and beliefs.
  • Exposure to anxiety provoking situations can help you challenge negative thoughts and beliefs.
  • Medication can also help.

How to look after yourself

Below are some useful ways you can you to help look after yourself or others:​

Talk to someone you trust

Talk to someone you trust

Talking to someone you trust can help you feel supported and less alone. Sharing how you feel can make things feel more manageable.

Tell a parent, carer or friend

Tell a parent, carer or friend

Saying out loud how you feel to a parent, carer, or friend can help ease anxiety and help others understand how to support you.

Distract yourself with something comforting

Distract yourself with something comforting

Doing something comforting or familiar can help take your mind off anxious thoughts and help you feel calmer.

Make a note of positive thoughts you have

Make a note of positive thoughts you have

Writing down positive thoughts or moments can help remind you of your strengths and things that make you feel good.

Write about how you feel in a journal

Write about how you feel in a journal

Writing about what you’re feeling can help you understand what’s making you anxious and look at the evidence behind those thoughts.

Try listening to a calming playlist

Try listening to a calming playlist

Listening to calming music through headphones can help slow your thoughts and create a sense of calm.

Exercise can help reduce anxiety

Exercise can help reduce anxiety

Exercise can help use up the adrenaline that anxiety creates and release chemicals that help improve your mood.

Try a grounding technique

Try a grounding technique

Grounding techniques can help bring your focus back to the present moment when your thoughts feel overwhelming.

urgent Help

You’re not alone. Support is available right now.

(choose the mental health option)

cnw-tr.spa@nhs.net

For Brent, Harrow, Hillingdon, Kensington & Chelsea, Westminster, and Milton Keynes out of hours

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